The Dark Angels
To the sidewalk in front of my father’s
Razed bakery I return. To the patch
Of burdock where the stacked ovens deep-browned
The crusts of a million loaves of rolls.
To the cinderblock cracked like the soot-pocked
Windows where I watched, in Etna, the dark
Angels escape the coal smoke as if they
Wanted to swoop back to chimers. To shards
and splinters where I hated the sauerkraut
In the cramped, next-door kitchen, the boiled
Shank end of pork which clustered files against
The latched screen door. To the steep, shale downslope
Where the walls of the bakery are landfill,
Where the first bulldozed soil coats wallboard
And lumber as if coal were refueling
Industry’s return, covering the spot
Where I was careless, once, with Saturday’s
Trash fire. Where it followed the easy weeds
To the brittle boards of the bakery.
Where that neighbor shook free the tiles and sprayed
His hose and a set of obscenities
Keyed to my foolish name. Where my father
Thanked him and led me to the last eclair,
Settled me on the work room’s folding chair
And said nothing except “think,” and I thought
That the neighbor was listening at the window
While I held chocolate and custard until
My father said, “You eat that,” and I did.
Decorative Cooking
My mother repeated the story
of St. Julitta, whose shed blood
spelled the name of God. My father
insisted the name of God was work,
half or more of each day but Sunday.
There was time for food, God’s bounty,
reinforced, from the radio,
by Betty Crocker, who explained
The New Design for Happiness, meals
that showed love for the families
in America’s homes by working
canned soup and cake mixes into
the miracles of ready-to-eat.
In her cookbook, in full color,
she probed the pictorial charm
of food by stuffing pie shells
and peppers, filling tomato halves
and sculpted pastry, creating,
on my father’s favorite page,
mock steak from ground beef and Wheaties,
a strip of carrot for the bone.So pretty, yet economical,
and on our table, each Sunday,
were decorative dinners prepared
the night before: the shimmering,
shaped Jellos; the rank and file
of peeled and slivered apples.
Yearly, the anise Magi cookies,
the browned crosses of holy rolls.
Three times, the flag of celery
and carrots, the field of coconut
holding forty-eight walnut stars.
And once, as God’s duty, we hosted
our former pastor, who had returned
to Pittsburgh to declaim the death
of God. He sat, so heavy, at our table,
the pinwheels of sweet peppers seemed
to churn on the cucumber cogs.
He unrolled, while we passed bread,
four slices of ham and beef;
he unfolded, while we poured milk,
three cheeses, and formed the stack
of a child’s simple sandwich.
My father waited for him
to swallow one bite, and then
he gave thanks for the care with which
our food was prepared, directing
his message to the living God
and his resurrected son while
the pastor held his sandwich in both hands.
An then we decorated our bread
with arrangements of tomatoes
and onions and lettuce before
we added the roll-ups of meat
and cheese, each of them arranged
like the pipes of the church organ
I listened to, this morning,
for the first time in thirty years,
that fat pastor and my mother dead
ten of them, my father driving us
to her grave near the unmarked site
where the minister’s ashes,
according to my father
were scattered like the hopeless.Where God is working, my father
lays wreathes. Where God is working,
my father pulls weeds and hand-trims
the topiary of heavenly hosts.
All morning he wove pine boughs
while I read, and then he called out
the passing of each mile to thirteen,
the right turn through the open gates
to the plot in the Garden of Dreams.
He laid those evergreen crosses
by the headstone of my mother
and the four nearest neighbors
in a symmetry of remembrance,
and then he removed what he’d left
for last month’s anniversary,
adding those branches to the border
of woven designs so they could extend
the decorative work of God
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Editorial
From the Publisher
James M. Unglaube
Unglaube opens the journal’s second year by previewing the 1997 Vocation of a Lutheran College conference at Carthage, which will examine the Lutheran tradition from outside (Richard Hughes of Pepperdine on the Lilly Endowment’s Models for Christian Higher Education; David Johnson, President of the University of Minnesota at Morris and Luther College graduate, on the tradition from the public sector) and inside (Ann Pederson of Augustana in Sioux Falls; Timothy Lull of Pacific Lutheran Theological Seminary), and previews Eric Eliason’s emerging proposal for an Academy of Scholars in Lutheran Higher Education modeled on NEH/NSF-style summer seminars.
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Editorial
From the Editor
Tom Christenson
Christenson explains that this issue breaks from the first two issues’ single-focus pattern to feature three principal papers on the environment, the education of desire, and hiring and personnel policies, plus two poems and a piece of reflective bemusement. He then commends George Marsden’s The Outrageous Idea of Christian Scholarship (Oxford, 1997) and challenges Lutheran scholars to articulate how the particulars of their faith inform their scholarship—in conversation with Calvinist work like Nicholas Wolterstorff’s Reason Within the Bounds of Religion and Art in Action—rather than remaining silently complicit in the view that faith has no place in the academy.
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Article
The Lutheran Liberal Arts College and Care for the Earth
H. Paul Santmire
Santmire, author of The Travail of Nature, proposes three mandates for the Lutheran liberal arts college: take responsibility for spiritual particularity by confronting the ambiguities of the classical Christian tradition (Lynn White’s charge against anthropocentric Christianity vs. the Franciscan ecological tradition from Irenaeus through Luther) and of classical Lutheran social ethics (the Two Kingdoms, Romans 13, the Third Reich, Bonhoeffer); promote responsible cultural criticism (against Thoreau’s sociopathic anti-urban suburbanism); and promote a holistic environmental ethos through an interdisciplinary core curriculum with ecology as the queen of the sciences, a community that liberates the social imagination (Mumford, Marcuse), a cosmic Liturgical praxis rooted in the Colossians 1:15–20 hymn to the cosmic Christ, and an academy that models ecological responsibility.
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Article
An Aristotelian Twist to Faith and Learning
Gregg Muilenberg
Muilenburg, chair of Philosophy at Concordia, surveys the four traditional models for faith and reason—conflict, independence, dialogue, and integration—and argues that the Lutheran dialogical model is insufficient for wholeness. Drawing on the post-foundationalist epistemology of perspective and Aristotle’s account of knowing as desire-driven action, he proposes that faith is an ultimate value (an assessment belief of the form ‘x is better than y’), that learning is desire-directed action, and that the core of Christian education is the education of Christian desire—requiring both reflection and commitment, both integration and diversity.
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Article
Mission and Hiring in the Christian College
Bruce Reichenbach
Reichenbach of Augsburg argues that the Christian or Church-related college’s mission to educate the whole person from a perspective of Christian faith and values can only succeed through intentional hiring of a “critical mass” of faculty, administrators, and staff committed to that mission (following George Marsden and the 1960s Danforth Commission), supplemented by on-going faculty development. He defends an inclusive community-with-diversity, a freedom-and-commitment tension grounded in Alasdair MacIntyre’s account of tradition, and the legality of preferential religious hiring under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act and the relevant case law (Tilton, Hunt, Roemer, Blanton, Grove City, Amos).
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Response
A Call for Creative Education
Wendy McCredie
McCredie of Texas Lutheran responds to Reichenbach by reframing the four ideas embedded in his claim that “the entire college community should be knowledgeably committed to the college’s mission”—community, knowledge, commitment, mission—and argues that the Lutheran tradition’s unwillingness to be separate from the world should lead us to educate the public about the Lutheran tradition rather than interrogate prospective employees about their faith. She questions whether agreement on “Christian values” is possible (or even Lutheran), and reads Reichenbach’s “creative education” as the dialectical tension between gospel and law, God’s love and our human limits, that members of communities related to the Lutheran church are uniquely positioned to inhabit.
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Response
Hitting a Moving Target
Harry Jebsen
Jebsen, former Provost of Capital University, responds to Reichenbach by arguing that the institutions, the ELCA, congregations and pastors, students, and curriculum are all moving targets. Drawing on Alvin Toffler’s Future Shock and his own fifteen years of hiring as Dean and Provost (a candidate who hoped the cross out front didn’t mean anything), he traces the drift from the “Mr. Chips” faculty who personified Dana and Midland Lutheran to a campus culture where “everybody is nice to each other” has replaced theological substance, and where MBA programs, conservatories, law schools, and adult-education programs further dilute the focus of the residential Lutheran college.
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Reflection
Confessions of a Collaborator
Chuck Huff
Huff of St. Olaf offers a tongue-in-cheek public confession of his lifelong sin of collaboration—from elementary-school reports on dinosaurs and Cliff notes on Faulkner, through high-school algebra and college group projects, to borrowed syllabi, group work imposed on resentful students, tutorials, independent studies on every form of self-reliance, and circulated drafts. Even this confession was collaborated on, and (he confesses) he enjoyed it.
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Poem
Emily Dickinson in Columbus, Ohio
Caitlin McHugh
No. 17 · Summer 2003
McHugh imagines Emily Dickinson waking up on a COTA bus to find “the world had ended, and her violets were gone forever,” then escaping the crowd to wander High Street, taste “actual brewed liquor,” quit “the act of reclusive-drama queen-ghost,” and finally smash a bouquet of violets when she realizes that “Beauty had not stopped for her death, but crawled bravely onward.”
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Poem
Unpossible
Tim Knopp
No. 19 · Summer 2004
A new Capital University education graduate reflects on the bargain of trading childhood for “four years closer to some hidden knowledge, four years farther from what I once knew,” as the noon chimes call him out into a campus where professors and students teach one another along worn brick paths that “love is” should be “love can be.”
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Article
Redemption Through Imperfection
Kyoko Mori
No. 5 · Summer 1998
Mori, drawing on a visit to the Philadelphia Museum of Art with a friend, contrasts Marcel Duchamp’s Étant donnés—a peephole work whose mysterious motion sweeps every viewer into a shared, perpetual performance—with the static, glass-encased Liberty Bell as parody of spiritual experience. She extends the contrast into a meditation on rituals (comfort and consolation) versus art (truth, however painful), and on writing as a redemptive process that moves from orderly first drafts toward chaos and deeper, frightening truth—closing with master potters who skewed each finished vessel slightly so that art and decoration could be told apart. Parts are excerpted from Polite Lies (Holt 1997).
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Article
In the Beginning of the Reformation Was the Word
George Connell
No. 46 · Fall 2017
Drawing on a Concordia faculty pilgrimage to German Luther sites, Connell appropriates John’s prologue to frame the Reformation as a movement about words — the printed page, the university classroom, the Marburg confession, the Wartburg translation, Bach’s music, and the dining-room conversations of Table Talk — while soberly noting that words can wound as well as heal.
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Poem
Endtimes
Dave Hill
No. 34 · Fall 2011
A four-stanza meditation on the “last perfect day” when an unblemished Sun makes the cool Ocean roll—and on the relation of each questing mind to the Deep, of each frail mortal to the pulse of the Sea at the edge of the grave. “Let it die full of Life! Let its murmurs and sighs / Give the drama a meaning. Let it not, Lord, die dead.”
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Article
How Can We Keep From Singing?
Robert Scholz
No. 7 · Summer 1999
Scholz, professor of music at St. Olaf, responds to Tom Christenson’s “Freedom of a Christian” by walking through his own Nunc dimittis for the St. Olaf Christmas Festival, an Elderhostel choir of singers aged 60 to 95, and the four liberating arts (enablement and change, melioristic, embodying, and critical) as they shape conducting, composition, and music education. He defends the fine arts and folk traditions over “contemporary Christian” soft pop-rock and taped accompaniments, citing Luther’s preface to Georg Rhau’s Symphoniae iucundae and the family of God’s need to interact in song against the virtual community of TV evangelism and the Crystal Cathedrals of the air.