Four papers collected in this issue of Intersections represent the 70th annual meeting of the venerable Association of Lutheran College Faculties (ALCF) held at California Lutheran University in October 2006.
The topic of the meeting at CLU was intentionally and provocatively vague: Identity and Diversity in the Lutheran College. What identity? What diversity? What college? In fact, as the papers came in, Lutheran identity tended to be as much conceptual and pedagogical as historical. Differences among the colleges emerged in both the presentations and in the accompanying discussions.
These essays are observed from markedly distinct disciplinary and personal vantage points as well. Randall Balmer, the distinguished scholar of American evangelicalism and our keynote speaker, recalls his own experience as an undergraduate at a conservative evangelical college and considers that formation in light of his subsequent achievements and study of evangelical culture. His perspective from outside Lutheran higher education balances the insiders’ perspectives and may remind the reader that Lutherans are not the only purveyors of Christian liberal arts, and also that the wide world of evangelical religion is not quite as hostile as we might suppose.
Storm Bailey, our representative philosopher and a professor at Luther College, reflects on specifically Lutheran identity as contributing to notions of academic integrity, with particular attention to our understanding of academic freedom. Reporting on fruitful “Faith and Learning” discussions at Luther, he writes of the usefulness of faculty from different disciplines and diverse religious backgrounds addressing “Lutheran questions.”
In his essay, José Marichal, a CLU political scientist, observes the odd mutual failure of campus diversity initiatives to collaborate or even meaningfully to connect with those promoting service learning or other sorts of educational civic engagement. He maintains that a better understanding of both democracy and the Lutheran call into the world can and should draw these initiatives together, enhancing the education we offer our students.
Pamela Brubaker, who teaches ethics at CLU, projects our understanding of diversity onto a global screen, where the economics of globalization challenge and compromise universal human rights. As we seek to educate students for critical citizenship—a particularly Lutheran project—she maintains we can and must help them to understand and value the social, economic, cultural, civil and political rights of people.
From a California perspective (which the venue encouraged), I find it very interesting that, of the four talks collected here, the two delivered by scholar-teachers living and working “back East” seem most anxious about the academic standing of Christian liberal arts education. Professors Balmer and Bailey, while valiantly and persuasively championing the cause, assume a measure of suspicion and even antagonism toward Lutheran higher education. In contrast, Professors Marichal and Brubaker, our representative Westerners, assume Lutheran identity as a critical advantage, take diversity as a Lutheran given and proceed to define and elaborate some of the challenges. Perhaps the fact that we inhabit a region where white is a minority and monolithic Lutheran identity only a memory explains the difference. Certainly such geographical difference, if it is significant, supports the usefulness of ongoing national conversations made possible by the ALCF and by this journal. Indeed, the long series of conference topics and venues, available on the ALCF website reads like something of a cultural history of Lutheran higher education: http://www.lutherancolleges.org/alcf/history/about.htm.
A number of items that played an important part in this conference are lamentably missing from this collection, a reminder how ephemeral some of our most interesting projects and discussions often are. Four professors from Wartburg College [Cynthia Bane (Psychology), Kit Kleinhans (Religion), Penni Pier (Communication Arts) and Fred Waldstein (Political Science)] reported on a cross-curricular faculty and staff development seminar on the “Lutheran Heritage.” Then there was a dramatic dialogue written, performed and directed by their colleague Kathleen Book. Guy Erwin performed the role of Philip Melanchthon in “‘No Child Left Behind’ Meets Philip Melanchthon.” A concluding discussion encouraged classroom applications of the many ideas that we had entertained.
The 2007 annual meeting of the Association of Lutheran College Faculties will be held October 5-7, 2007 at Newberry College. This year’s theme is “Beyond ‘Whatever’: Values Based Learning in Lutheran Higher Education.”
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Editorial
From the Publisher
Arne Selbyg
Selbyg notes that most papers in this issue grew out of a pan-Lutheran conference organized by the Association of Lutheran College Faculties in fall 2006 rather than the annual Vocation of a Lutheran College conference, and argues that the ELCA’s ecumenical posture—truthful but open to learning from others—is a good foundation for institutions of higher education whose faculty likewise profess while remaining subject to change based on new research and insights.
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Editorial
From the Editor
Robert D. Haak
Haak frames the issue around the question of what holds the twenty-eight ELCA colleges together amid their geographic, economic, and theological diversity, introducing Mark Hanson’s address to the assembled college presidents, Randall Balmer’s outsider perspective on the commonalities of Christian liberal arts, José Marichal and Pamela Brubaker on diversity rooted in community and globe, Storm Bailey’s argument that being Lutheran is precisely what makes us embrace diversity, and Jaime Schillinger’s St. Olaf chapel reflection on the formative power of worship and liturgy.
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Article
Reflections on Our Shared Commitments
Mark S. Hanson
Originally delivered to the Lutheran Educational Conference of North America in March 2007, Hanson’s address describes the ELCA as “an ecology of interdependent ecosystems” and locates the church’s relationship to its twenty-eight colleges and universities in a shared mission rather than in older anxieties about church-relatedness. Drawing on Wittenberg’s Lutheran Identity Study, Augustana’s “Five Faith Commitments,” Pamela Jolicoeur’s Concordia address, W. Robert Connor on “big questions,” Joseph Sittler on grace, Walter Brueggemann on fear, Jonathan Strandjord on being “other-wise,” and Cynthia Moe-Lobeda’s Public Church for the Life of the World, he names four marks of shared mission: communities of free inquiry, encouragement of religious expression in a diverse society, education for the common good, and the formation of leaders for church and religious communities worldwide.
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Reflection
Currents
Jaime Schillinger
Preached in St. Olaf chapel on March 29, 2005, Schillinger reads three “currents” pulling on her hearers—Minnesota spring, the academic year’s final stretch, and Holy Week’s passion and resurrection—against poetic voices from ee cummings, Gerard Manley Hopkins, and Edna St. Vincent Millay, before turning to the Song of Songs to suggest that this nexus calls students into the rhythms of love, awakened desire, and an elusive, unresolved promise that animates academic, spiritual, and vocational search alike.
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Article
Sojourners in a Pluralistic Land: The Promise and Peril of Christian Higher Education
Randall Balmer
Balmer, a Barnard scholar of American evangelicalism reared in evangelical parsonages and formed at Trinity College in the Chicago suburbs, defends public education even as he champions Christian higher education as a “halfway house” for students moving from religious subculture into a pluralistic world. Drawing on his own undergraduate experience, his books Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory and Thy Kingdom Come, and a chastening visit to Patrick Henry College, he names three perils of Christian higher education—the Scylla of secularism (intellectual arrogance allergic to piety), the Charybdis of sectarianism (intellectual dishonesty as exemplified by intelligent design’s special pleading), and insularity—and prescribes mentors, primary sources, internships outside the subculture, and a broader, intergenerational pluralism on campus.
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Article
Lutheran Identity, Academic Integrity, and Religious Diversity
Storm Bailey
Bailey argues that one might rightly say of a college “that’s a pretty good school because it’s religious,” defending the proposition under three headings: academic and curricular virtues, free inquiry, and religious diversity. Drawing on Mark Schwehn’s Exiles from Eden, Richard Hughes on the Lutheran tradition’s “most potent theological resources” for the life of the mind, Parker Palmer, Lendol Calder, Mill’s On Liberty, Newman’s Idea of a University, and the AAUP’s 1940 Statement, he proposes a “critical mass” alternative in which the Lutheran commitment to truth-seeking and self-critique itself requires—rather than tolerates—a religiously diverse faculty whose opposing voices are needed for the mission to flourish.
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Article
Why Diversity and Civic Engagement Don't Talk to Each Other on College Campuses: The Need for Public Work
Jose Marichal
Marichal opens with Thurgood Marshall’s line from Milliken v. Bradley and traces the “decoupling” of campus diversity and civic engagement initiatives back to their shared grounding in Benjamin Barber’s “thin” or pluralist democracy. Reviewing CIRCLE data on youth political disengagement, the limits of mandatory volunteerism, and persistent residential segregation, and drawing on Mary Ann Glendon, Lani Guinier, Caryn McTighe Musil, and Richard Rorty, he argues that only Harry Boyte’s notion of “public work” can bind diversity and civic engagement together—and contends that Lutheran colleges, with their understanding of vocation as call into the world, are uniquely positioned to build that infrastructure.
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Article
Rich and Poor in an Era of Globalized Religion and Economies: Challenges to Lutheran Colleges
Pamela K. Brubaker
Brubaker opens with two World Council of Churches communion stories—a generous Aymara potato meal in Bolivia and a gated invitation-only lunch at a prosperous immigrant German Lutheran church in Brazil—to frame the question of which stance Lutheran colleges will adopt toward diversity. Drawing on Richard Hughes and Ernest Simmons on Lutheran “ecumenical confessionalism,” Linell Cady, Ulrich Beck, Held and McGrew, the World Bank’s 2006 Equity and Development report, Mark Juergensmeyer’s Global Religions, Harvey Cox on the Market as God, the WCC’s “economy of life” / AGAPE document, and Larry Rasmussen on universal human rights, she argues that part of the academic work of Lutheran colleges is to educate for critical citizenship by questioning neo-liberal assumptions and equipping students to claim social, economic, cultural, civil, and political rights for the whole human family.
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Article
Finding Purpose in Chaos: Reflection In and Beyond the Public Health Classroom
Lena R. Hann
No. 52 · Fall 2020
When the pandemic hit her new public health professionalism course, Hann recalibrated her teaching from the “how” of professional preparation to the “why” of vocational reflection — and recounts how Augustana public health students and alumni found purpose in the chaos through food banks, disaster response, palliative care, and research on health inequities.
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Article
The Future of Lutheran Higher Education
Mark Schwehn
No. 1 · Summer 1996
Schwehn’s keynote, framed against Otto Paul Kretzmann’s October 1940 inaugural at Valparaiso, organizes itself around four topics: the idea of a Christian University (Lutheran schools as a tributary of the Christian intellectual tradition, voices in a conversation in the spirit of H. Richard Niebuhr and Alasdair MacIntyre rather than phases of James Burtchaell’s devolutionary scheme); the pursuit of truth (against Foucauldian reduction of truth to power, with Hilary Putnam, toward a cruciform discipleship that discovers truth ambulando); the critique of knowledge (developing Christian theories of knowing in conversation with Benne, Lotz, Wolterstorff, LeClerc, and Augustine); and Christianity and liberal learning (objectivity refurbished as Thomas Haskell’s ascetic self-discipline, and the recovery of texts that have claims upon us).
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Article
Through Truth to Freedom—by Way of Reconciliation
Paul C. Pribbenow
No. 52 · Fall 2020
Reflecting on Augsburg’s 150th-anniversary motto “Through truth to freedom,” Pribbenow argues that in a season of three pandemics — pandemic illness, economic collapse, and the racial sin laid bare by the murder of George Floyd — higher education’s most authentic work is to educate for truth and freedom by way of confession and reconciliation.
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Reflection
The Neglected Miracle of Pentecost
Susan M. O'Shaughnessy
No. 32 · Spring 2010
O’Shaughnessy, in a homily delivered at Concordia College in 2008, reads the Pentecost narrative of Acts 2 through Maria Lugones and Elizabeth Spelman’s 1983 critique of white feminism’s cultural imperialism. She argues that the miracle is not the disciples’ speaking but the immigrant Jews’ hearing—and that the writer of Acts withholds the content of what was said precisely to teach disciples that people of privilege know less than the foreigner, the immigrant, the oppressed, the woman, the child, and must learn to listen in new languages before they can speak.
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Book Review
Paul Dovre, ed.: The Future of Religious Colleges
Baird Tipson
No. 15 · Winter 2002
Tipson, president of Wittenberg University, reviews Paul Dovre’s edited proceedings of the October 2000 Harvard Conference on the Future of Religious Colleges (Eerdmans, 2002), summarizing essays by Douglas Sloan on the failure of the “two-realm theory of truth,” George Marsden on faith-shaped scholarship, DeAne Lagerquist, Father David O’Connell, Mark Noll, Robert Benne, Mark Roche on Notre Dame, Joel Carpenter on neo-Calvinist Kuyperianism, and Mark Schwehn on a Lutheran “college-related church” and the centrality of vocation. Against Benne’s suggestion that only two or three robustly Lutheran colleges can be sustained, Tipson defends a less robust but still authentically Lutheran model embodied at places like Wittenberg, Gettysburg, and Roanoke, arguing for the enlightenment commitment to subjecting all truth claims to rigorous criticism and for hiring Marsden-style faith-shaped scholars rather than counting Lutheran heads.
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Editorial
From the Editor
Jason A. Mahn
No. 38 · Fall 2013
Mahn reads Michael Sandel’s What Money Can’t Buy alongside Larry Rasmussen and Martha Nussbaum to ask how Lutheran schools can articulate the “value added” of vocation without commodifying it, and previews the 2013 Vocation of a Lutheran College conference papers, Patricia Lull’s sermon, and Ann Hill Duin and Eric Childers’ Project DAVID essay that make up the issue.